Philosophical Puzzles Resolved

哲学谜题的解答

作者: Aaron Swartz | 来源: aaronsw.com | 时间: 2010-03-08

Puzzle 1: Equality and Disability

谜题一：平等与残疾

Daniel Wikler posed to me the following problem he encountered while Staff Ethicist at the WHO.1 The WHO recommends two principles: first, treat all citizens equally; second, aim to maximize overall quality of life. But imagine two citizens will die without a kidney transplant, one of whom is seriously disabled, but there is only one kidney. The first principle requires that both have an equal chance of getting the kidney. But the second principle requires we give it to the non-disabled person: if the disabled person dies, overall quality of life in the society will be higher, since it will have one less disabled person. (We accept, by definition, that disability lowers quality of life.) What to do?

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