The Visible Hand: A Summary

可见之手：摘要

作者: Aaron Swartz | 来源: aaronsw.com | 时间: 2008-03-02

What follows is my summary of The Visible Hand by Alfred D. Chandler, Jr.

以下是对小阿尔弗雷德·D·钱德勒(Alfred D. Chandler, Jr.)所著《看得见的手》(The Visible Hand)一书的摘要。

Part 1

第一部分

It’s difficult today to imagine what American companies were like before the 1840s. They were small concerns, owned and operated by the same person in one location, and focusing on a particular type of product (cotton, provisions, wheat, dry goods, hardware, drugs) and one piece of the distribution chain (retailing, wholesaling, importing, exporting). Their corporate structure (the partnership), accounting techniques (double-entry bookkeeping), and financial instruments (letters of credit) were essentially unchanged from those used by the Italians in the 1390s.

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